Hidden potential
Adam Grant
1. It tended to begin with a coach or teacher who made learning fun.
2. Potential is not a matter of where you start, but of how far you travel. We need to focus less on starting points and more on distance traveled.
3. This book is not about ambition. It’s about aspiration. As the philosopher Agnes Callard highlights, ambition is the outcome you want to attain. Aspiration is the person you hope to become.
4. Nothing fazed them. Most kids under pressure will start hurrying a little bit or showing their feelings but not them. They took their time, and they were absolutely poker-faced at the board. I’ve never seen kids that age so cool. They were like professionals.
Hana의 말: 상냥하거나 무뚝뚝하기보다 무표정의 얼굴을 한 판매원의 실적이 높았다는 얘기를 다른 책에서 읽었다. 에너지를 정서가치 제공이나 내적소모보다 전문적인 일에 집중했기 때문일 것이다.
5. In construction, scaffolding is a temporary structure that enables work crews to scale heights beyond their reach. Once the construction is complete, the support is removed. From that point forward, the building stands on its own.
Hana의 말: 비계(脚手架)는 건물을 지을 때 반드시 필요한 장치이지만 건물이 완성되면 바로 해체해야 한다. 어린이에게 어른이, 후배에게 선배가 비계 역할을 하면 좋겠다. 필요할 때 딛고 가라. 그리고 안녕.
6. It’s often said that where there’s a will, there’s a way. What we overlook is that when people can’t see a path, they stop dreaming of the destination. To ignite their will, we need to show them the way. That’s what scaffolding can do.
7. To abandon your tried-and true methods, to put yourself in the ring before you feel ready, and to make more mistakes than other make attempts. The best way to accelerate growth is to embrace, seek, and amplify discomfort.
Hana의 말: 불편함을 찾으라고 한다. 여러 종류의 언어를 구사하는 Sara의 언어습득 방법이 많이 말하고 많이 틀리는 거라 한다. 하루 200번 잘못 말하는 것이 목표였다고 한다.
8. That way you like to learn is what makes you comfortable, but it isn’t necessarily how you learn best. Being brave enough to embrace discomfort and throw your learning style out the window.
9. Your brain gets hijacked by an instant gratification monkey, who picks what’s easy and fun over the hard work that needs to be done. All you have to show for your time is a profound sense of inadequacy and idleness. You’ve burned your self-esteem to ashes of shame.
Hana의 말: 쉽고 재미나는 것만 찾다 보면 자존감이 바닥난다.
10. If you’re comfortable, you’re doing it wrong.
Hana의 말: 배움에는 지름길이 없다. 그러니 즐겨야 오래 가지.
11. Learning is not always about finding the right method for you. It’s often about finding the right method for the task.
Hana의 말: 나한테 맞는 방법보다, 배움에 적절한 방법을 찾아야 한다. 비디오를 보는 것보다 책을 읽는 것이 기억에 오래 남는다고 한다.
12. One of the biggest mistakes I see language learners make is believing that studying languages is about acquiring knowledge. It’s not! Learning a new language is about building a communication skill.
Hana의 말: 운전이나 수영과 비슷할가? 언어는 많이 사용해야 는다.
13. When we’re encouraged to make mistakes we end up making fewer of them. Early mistakes help us remember the correct answer – and motivate us to keep learning.
14. We’re confusing politeness with kindness. Being polite is withholding feedback to make someone feel good today. Being kind is being candid about how they can get better tomorrow.
Hana의 말: 이빨에 고추가 끼였다고 알려주는건 kind, 못본 척 하는건 politeness.
15. It’s easy for people to be critics or cheerleaders. It’s harder to get them to be coaches. A critic sees your weaknesses and attacks your worst self. A cheerleader sees your strengths and celebrates your best self. A coach sees your potential and helps your become a better version of yourself.
Hana의 말: 과거나 현황에 대해 단순히 비평하거나 칭찬하기보다 잠재력을 이끌어내 더 나은 버전으로 업그레이드시키는 코치형 어른이 되면 좋을텐데. 다른 사람에 대해서도, 자신에 대해서도.
16. Instead of seeking feedback, you’re better off asking for advice. Feedback tends to focus on how well you did last time. Advice shifts attention to how you can do better next time.
Hana의 말: 피드백보다 건의를 요구하라고 한다. 피드백은 과거를 향하지만 건의는 미래를 향한다. 그리고 피드백의 경우 내가 선수이고 상대가 본인 기준으로 평가를 하지만, 건의의 경우 내가 주체이고 상대는 다만 돕는 사람이다. 주입식교육을 오래 받다 보면 자신을 선수로 보아 주변에서 점수를 매겨줄 사람을 무의식적으로 찾게 된다. 무서운 일이다.
17. A key to being a sponge is determining what information to absorb versus what to filter out.
Hana의 말: 내가 주체이므로 제공 받은 정보는 내가 필터링한다.
18. Ando is esteemed for his ability to make the most of limited spaces with limited budgets. He’s only able to do this because he fully rejects the notion of perfectionism. He knows that to be disciplined in some areas, we have to let others go. One of his specialties is being disciplined in deciding when to push for the best and when to settle for good enough.
Hana의 말: 완벽주의를 버린다. 최고로 잘해야 하는 부분과 괜찮은 정도로만 하면 되는 부분을 나누어 기준을 달리 한다.
19. The great architects had rarely been great students: they typically finished college with a B average. Their perfectionistic colleagues had gleaming grades but went on to build far fewer glistening buildings. In their quest for flawless results, research suggests that perfectionists tend to get three things wrong. One: they obsess about details that don’t matter. They’re so busy finding the right solution to tiny problems that they lack the discipline to find the right problems to solve. They can’t see the forest for the trees. Two: they avoid unfamiliar situations and difficult tasks that might lead to failure. That leaves them refining a narrow set of existing skills rather than working to develop new ones. Three: they berate themselves for making mistakes, which makes it harder to learn from them. They fail to realize that the purpose of reviewing your mistakes isn’t to shame your past self. It’s to educate your future self.
Hana의 말: 고정형 사고방식과 성장형 사고방식의 차이이기도 하다. 틀리지 않으려고 익숙한 문제만 찾다 보니 시야가 점점 좁아진다.
20. To rapidly iterate and improve, entrepreneurs and engineers are advised to build minimum viable product. But excellence is a higher standard: for me, that means aiming for a minimum lovable product.
Hana의 말: 훌륭하다는 건 어떤 기준에 부합된다는 것이 아니라 기준을 넘어섰다는 말이다.
21. If you’re ever lucky enough to get a 10, it’s not for perfection but for excellence.
22. Before releasing something into the world, it’s worth turning to one final judge: you. If this was the only work people saw of yours, would you be proud of it?
23. It my desire to satisfy me, and to challenge myself.
24. Aspiring to stay green is a commitment to continued growth, to staying unfinished.
25. Think about the last time you saw an intense or unsettling scene on TV or in a movie. Psychologists have discovered that it’s possible to stop those unwanted flashbacks in their tracks with a special kind of scaffolding. Tetris. If they’re randomly assigned to play a few rounds of Tetris right after watching the scene, it cuts their flashbacks in half over the next week. Somehow, the act of rotating, moving, and dropping geometric blocks shields us from intrusive thoughts and aversive emotions.
Hana의 말: 공포영화를 본 직후 俄罗斯方块 게임을 몇분만 놀아주면 무서움으로 인한 부정적인 기운을 차단할 수 있다고 한다. 공포영화가 아니더라도 필요한 경우가 있을 것 같아서 게임기 한대 구매했다. 생각에 쉽게 빠져들고 반추를 잘하는 성격이라면 한대 두고 있으면 좋을 듯하다.
26. The best way to unlock hidden potential isn’t to suffer through the daily grind. It’s to transform the daily grind into a source of daily joy.
Hana의 말: ‘해야 한다’와 ‘하고 싶다’의 차이는 엄청나다.
27. When she gets bored, she switches instruments, gracefully bouncing back and forth between different percussion tools. Mixing it up breaks up the monotony and keeps her passion in harmony. There is absolutely no routine.
Hana의 말: 매일 고정된 시간에 글을 쓰는 이름난 작가도 있고, 이렇게 루틴 없이 기분에 따라 열정에 따라 악기련습을 하는 이름난 연주가도 있다.
28. Under harmonious passion, it’s easier to recognize that rest is a supply of fuel. We take regular reprieves to maintain energy and avoid burnout.
29. We see slowing down as losing ground, backing up as giving up, and rerouting as veering off course. We worry that when we step back, we’ll lose our footing altogether. This means we stay exactly where we are—steady but stuck. We need to embrace the discomfort of getting lost.
Hana의 말: 침체기에 새로운 방법을 모색해야 할 수 있다. 새 것에 적응하는 동안 침체기보다도 더 낮은 성과를 낼 수 있다. 불편하겠지만, 상실이 있겠지만 이럴 땐 한발 물러나야 더 멀리 갈 수 있다. 개구리뜀도 먼저 몸을 낮추고 나서 훌쩍 뛰지 않던가.
30. People actually ended up trying harder and doing better when they were doubted rather than encouraged.
Hana의 말: 믿음과 격려가 있으면 또 한번 시도하게 되지.
31. When we feel a strong sense of belonging to a group, we feel our bootstraps are linked.
32. We worry about making our parents proud when we should be focused on making our children proud. The responsibility of each generation is not to please our predecessors – it’s to improve conditions for our successors.
Hana의 말: 어른이나 선배의 긍정을 받기보다 어린이나 후배에게 더 좋은 환경을 마련해주려 애써야 한다. 어린이와 후배에게 자랑스러운 어른과 선배가 되고 싶다.
33. In contrast Finland’s education system has created a culture of opportunity for all. The underlying assumption is that intelligence comes in many forms and every child has the potential to excel. Give all students great teachers and a personalized plan for growth.
34. Finnish educators assume the most important lesson to teach children is that learning is fun.
Hana의 말: 핀란드 학교 수업의 가장 중요한 목적은, 배우는게 재미나다는 것을 가르치는 것이란다. 대뇌는 안전함을 느끼고 사랑을 받아야 뭐 배울게 없냐 물어본다고 한다. ‘너 공부도 못하는게 밥 먹지 마라’ 이런 말을 들은 아이는 공부를 안전하지도 않고 사랑도 못 받는 일로 분류해버린다고 한다. 밥 잘 먹고 사랑 듬뿍 받아야 호기심도 뿜뿜.
35. The work of a child is to play.
36. Children pay attention to our attention: where we focus tells them what we prize.
37. More than half of Chinese students reported feeling sometimes or always miserable, and over three quarters felt sometimes or always sad.
38. The smartest teams weren’t composed of the smartest individuals.
39. A single bad apple can spoil the barrel: when even one individual fails to act prosocially, it’s enough to make a team dumb and dumber.
40. With a team of sponges, the best leader is not the person who talks the most, but the one who listens best.
41. The most junior person in the room, the sole woman of color in a team of bearded white dudes, the introvert drowning in a sea of extraverts. To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, we’re better off shifting to a process called brainwriting. The initial steps are solo. You start by asking everyone to generate ideas separately. Next, you pool them and share them anonymously among the group. The brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into the conversation.
42. Weak leaders silence voice and shoot the messenger. Strong leaders welcome voice and thank the messenger. Great leaders build systems to amplify voice and elevate the messenger.
43. The leadership practices, team processes, and systems of opportunity that made it possible for people to speak up and be heard.
44. If we listen only to the smartest person in the room, we miss out on discovering the smarts that the rest of the room has to offer. Our greatest potential isn’t always hidden inside us – sometimes it sparks between us, and sometimes it comes from outside our team altogether.
45. People can have dramatically different reactions to the same event. One person’s trauma may be another’s setback; one person’s roadblock is another’s hurdle. We can calculate the degree of difficulty in a dive, but there isn’t a formula to quantify the degree of difficulty in a life.
46. It’s time for universities and employers to add another metric. Along with GPA, I think they should be assessing GPT: grade point trajectory. They can calculate the rate of improvement over time with basic division: rise over run. Early failure followed by later success is a mark of hidden potential.
47. Havard seemed to attract two extremes of students: those who were sure they were a gift to the world, and those who feared they were the one mistake. I was in the latter camp. On the charge of not being smart enough: guilty. By sharing what stood out in my interview, john had given me a crash course in the importance of character skills. My success wouldn’t depend on my initial ability. It would depend on my ability and motivation to learn.
48. The worst kind of success is achieving other people’s goals. Don’t live someone else’s dream.
49. Not long ago, it dawned on me that impostors syndrome is a paradox: others believe in you, you don’t believe in yourself, yet you believe yourself instead of them. When multiple people believe in you, it might be time to believe them.
50. Success is more than reaching our goals –it’s living our values. There’s no higher value than aspiring to be better tomorrow than we are today. There’s no greater accomplishment than unleashing our hidden potential.
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